Web Security 101: The OWASP Top 10

The OWASP Top 10 is the standard awareness document for developers and web application security.

1. Broken Access Control

Users doing what they shouldn’t. Fix: Verify permissions on every request.

2. Cryptographic Failures

Storing passwords in plain text. Fix: Use strong algorithms (Argon2, bcrypt). HTTPS everywhere.

3. Injection (SQLi)

Untrusted data being sent to an interpreter. Fix: Use Prepared Statements (ORMs basically do this for you).

4. Insecure Design

Flaws in architecture, not implementation. Fix: Threat modeling before coding.

Conclusion

Security is not an addon. It must be baked in from the start. “Shift Left”.